gre-Lingua. Descriptores Marco Común Europeo

© Council of Europe

English -- Descriptores Generales -- A1

Nivel	Actividad o Competencia	Tipo de comunicación	Destreza	Descriptor
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Overall oral comprehension	Can follow language which is very slow and carefully articulated, with long pauses for them to assimilate meaning.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Overall oral comprehension	Can recognise concrete information (e.g. places and times) on familiar topics encountered in everyday life, provided it is delivered slowly and clearly.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Understanding conversation between other people	Can understand some expressions when people are discussing them, family, school, hobbies or surroundings, provided the delivery is slow and clear.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Understanding conversation between other people	Can understand words/signs and short sentences in a simple conversation (e.g. between a customer and a salesperson in a shop), provided people communicate very slowly and very clearly.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Understanding as a member of a live audience	Can understand in outline very simple information being explained in a predictable situation like a guided tour, provided the delivery is very slow and clear and that there are long pauses from time to time.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Understanding announcements and instructions	Can understand instructions addressed carefully and slowly to them and follow short, simple directions.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Understanding announcements and instructions	Can understand when someone tells them slowly and clearly where something is, provided the object is in the immediate environment.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Understanding announcements and instructions	Can understand figures, prices and times given slowly and clearly in an announcement by loudspeaker, e.g. at a railway station or in a shop.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral comprehension	Understanding audio (or signed) media and recordings	Can pick out concrete information (e.g. places and times) from short recordings on familiar everyday topics, provided they are delivered very slowly and clearly.
A1	Communicative language activities	Audio-visual comprehension	Watching TV, film and video	Can recognise familiar words/signs and phrases and identify the topics in headline news summaries and many of the products in advertisements, by exploiting visual information and general knowledge.
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Overall reading comprehension	Can understand very short, simple texts a single phrase at a time, picking up familiar names, words and basic phrases and rereading as required.
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading correspondence	Can understand short, simple messages on postcards.
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading correspondence	Can understand short, simple messages sent via social media or e-mail (e.g. proposing what to do, when and where to meet).
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading for orientation	Can recognise familiar names, words/signs and very basic phrases on simple notices in the most common everyday situations.
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading for orientation	Can understand store guides (information on which floors departments are on) and directions (e.g. where to find lifts).
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading for orientation	Can understand basic hotel information (e.g. times when meals are served).
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading for orientation	Can find and understand simple, important information in advertisements, programmes for special events, leaflets and brochures (e.g. what is proposed, costs, the date and place of the event, departure times).
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading for information and argument	Can get an idea of the content of simpler informational material and short, simple descriptions, especially if there is visual support.
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading for information and argument	Can understand short texts on subjects of personal interest (e.g. news flashes about sports, music, travel or stories) composed in very simple language and supported by illustrations and pictures.
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading instructions	Can follow short, simple directions (e.g. to go from X to Y).
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading as a leisure activity	Can understand short, illustrated narratives about everyday activities described in simple words.
A1	Communicative language activities	Reading comprehension	Reading as a leisure activity	Can understand in outline short texts in illustrated stories, provided the images help them to guess at a lot of the content.
A1	Communicative language strategies		Identifying cues and inferring (spoken, signed and written)	Can deduce the meaning of an unknown word/sign for a concrete action or object, provided the surrounding text is very simple, and on a familiar everyday subject.
A1	Communicative language strategies		Identifying cues and inferring (spoken, signed and written)	Can guess the probable meaning of an unknown word/sign that is similar to one in the language they normally use.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral production	Overall oral production	Can produce simple, mainly isolated phrases about people and places.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral production	Sustained monologue: describing experience	Can describe themselves, what they do and where they live.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral production	Sustained monologue: describing experience	Can describe simple aspects of their everyday life in a series of simple sentences, using simple words/signs and basic phrases, provided they can prepare in advance.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral production	Sustained monologue: giving information	Can name an object and indicate its shape and colour while showing it to others using basic words/signs, phrases and formulaic expressions, provided they can prepare in advance.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral production	Sustained monologue: putting a case (e.g. in a debate)	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral production	Public announcements	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral production	Addressing audiences	Can use a very short prepared text to deliver a rehearsed statement (e.g. to formally introduce someone, to propose a toast).
A1	Communicative language activities	Written production	Overall written production	Can give information about matters of personal relevance (e.g. likes and dislikes, family, pets) using simple words/signs and basic expressions.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written production	Overall written production	Can produce simple isolated phrases and sentences.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written production	Creative writing	Can produce simple phrases and sentences about themselves and imaginary people, where they live and what they do.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written production	Creative writing	Can describe in very simple language what a room looks like.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written production	Creative writing	Can use simple words/signs and phrases to describe certain everyday objects (e.g. the colour of a car, whether it is big or small).
A1	Communicative language activities	Written production	Reports and essays	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies		Planning	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies		Compensating	Can use gestures to support simple words/signs in expressing a need.
A1	Communicative language strategies		Monitoring and repair	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Overall oral interaction	Can interact in a simple way but communication is totally dependent on repetition at a slower rate, rephrasing and repair. Can ask and answer simple questions, initiate and respond to simple statements in areas of immediate need or on very familiar topics.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Understanding an interlocutor	Can understand everyday expressions aimed at the satisfaction of simple needs of a concrete type, delivered directly to them clearly and slowly, with repetition, by a sympathetic interlocutor.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Understanding an interlocutor	Can understand questions and instructions addressed carefully and slowly to them and follow short, simple directions.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Conversation	Can understand everyday expressions aimed at the satisfaction of simple needs of a concrete type, delivered directly to them in clear, slow and repeated language by a sympathetic interlocutor.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Conversation	Can take part in a simple conversation of a basic factual nature on a predictable topic (e.g. their home country, family, school).
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Conversation	Can make an introduction and use basic greeting and leave-taking expressions.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Conversation	Can ask how people are and react to news.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Informal discussion (with friends)	Can exchange likes and dislikes for sports, foods, etc., using a limited repertoire of expressions, when addressed clearly, slowly and directly.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Formal discussion (meetings)	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Goal-oriented co-operation (cooking together, discussing a document, organising an event, etc.)	Can understand questions and instructions addressed carefully and slowly to them and follow short, simple directions.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Goal-oriented co-operation (cooking together, discussing a document, organising an event, etc.)	Can act on basic instructions that involve times, locations, numbers, etc.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Goal-oriented co-operation (cooking together, discussing a document, organising an event, etc.)	Can ask people for things, and give people things.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Obtaining goods and services	Can ask people for things and give people things.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Obtaining goods and services	Can ask for food and drink using basic expressions.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Obtaining goods and services	Can handle numbers, quantities, cost and time.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Information exchange	Can understand questions and instructions addressed carefully and slowly to them and follow short, simple directions.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Information exchange	Can ask and answer simple questions, initiate and respond to simple statements in areas of immediate need or on very familiar topics.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Information exchange	Can ask and answer questions about themselves and other people, where they live, people they know, things they have.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Information exchange	Can indicate time by lexicalised phrases like “next week”, “last Friday”, “in November”, “three o’clock”.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Information exchange	Can express numbers, quantities and cost in a limited way.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Information exchange	Can name the colour of clothes or other familiar objects and can ask the colour of such objects.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Interviewing and being interviewed	Can reply in an interview to simple direct questions, put very slowly and clearly in direct, non-idiomatic language, about personal details.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Interviewing and being interviewed	Can state in simple language the nature of a problem to a health professional and answer simple questions such as “Does that hurt?” even though they have to rely on gestures and body language to reinforce the message.
A1	Communicative language activities	Oral interaction	Using telecommunications	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Written interaction	Overall written interaction	Can ask for or pass on personal details.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written interaction	Correspondence	Can compose messages and online postings as a series of very short sentences about hobbies and likes/dislikes, using simple words and formulaic expressions, with reference to a dictionary.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written interaction	Correspondence	Can compose a short, simple postcard.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written interaction	Correspondence	Can compose a short, very simple message (e.g. a text message) to friends to give them a piece of information or to ask them a question.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written interaction	Notes, messages and forms	Can fill in numbers and dates, own name, nationality, address, age, date of birth or arrival in the country, etc., e.g. on a hotel registration form.
A1	Communicative language activities	Written interaction	Notes, messages and forms	Can leave a simple message giving information regarding for instance where they have gone, or what time they will be back (e.g. “Shopping: back at 5 p.m.”).
A1	Communicative language activities	Online interaction	Online conversation and discussion	Can formulate very simple messages and personal online postings as a series of very short sentences about hobbies, likes/dislikes, etc., relying on the aid of a translation tool.
A1	Communicative language activities	Online interaction	Online conversation and discussion	Can use formulaic expressions and combinations of simple words/signs to post short positive and negative reactions to simple online postings and their embedded links and media, and can respond to further comments with standard expressions of thanks and apology.
A1	Communicative language activities	Online interaction	Goal-oriented online transactions and collaboration	Can complete a very simple online purchase or application, providing basic personal information (e.g. name, e-mail or telephone number).
A1	Communicative language strategies		Turntaking	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies		Co-operating	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies		Asking for clarification	Can indicate with simple words/signs, intonation and gestures that they do not understand.
A1	Communicative language strategies		Asking for clarification	Can express in a simple way that they do not understand.
A1	Communicative language activities		Overall mediation	Can use simple words/signs and non-verbal signals to show interest in an idea. Can convey simple, predictable information of immediate interest given in short, simple signs and notices, posters and programmes.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Relaying specific information in speech or sign	Can relay (in Language B) simple, predictable information about times and places given in short, simple statements (delivered in Language A).
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Relaying specific information in writing	Can list (in Language B) names, numbers, prices and very simple information of immediate interest in oral texts (in Language A), provided the articulation is very slow and clear, with repetition.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Explaining data in speech or sign	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Explaining data in writing	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Processing text in speech or sign	Can convey (in Language B) simple, predictable information given in short, very simple signs and notices, posters and programmes (in Language A).
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Processing text in writing	Can, with the help of a dictionary, convey (in Language B) the meaning of simple phrases (in Language A) on familiar and everyday themes.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Processing text in writing	Can copy out single words and short texts presented in standard printed format.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Translating a written text in speech or sign	Can provide a simple, rough oral translation (into Language B) of simple everyday words/signs and phrases (written in Language A) that are encountered on signs and notices, posters, programmes, leaflets, etc.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Translating a written text in writing	Can, with the help of a dictionary, translate simple words/signs and phrases (from Language A into Language B), but may not always select the appropriate meaning.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Note-taking (lectures, seminars, meetings, etc.)	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Expressing a personal response to creative texts (including literature)	Can use simple words/signs to state how a work made them feel.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating a text	Analysis and criticism of creative texts (including literature)	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating concepts	Facilitating collaborative interaction with peers	Can invite others’ contributions to very simple tasks using short, simple phrases prepared in advance. Can indicate that they understand and ask whether others understand.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating concepts	Collaborating to construct meaning	Can express an idea and ask what others think, using very simple words/signs and phrases, provided they can prepare in advance.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating concepts	Managing interaction	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating concepts	Encouraging conceptual talk	Can use simple isolated words/signs and non-verbal signals to show interest in an idea.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating communication	Facilitating pluricultural space	Can facilitate an intercultural exchange by showing a welcoming attitude and interest with simple words/signs and non-verbal signals, by inviting others to contribute, and by indicating whether they understand when addressed directly.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating communication	Acting as an intermediary in informal situations (with friends and colleagues)	Can communicate (in Language B) other people’s personal details and very simple, predictable information (in Language A), provided other people help with formulation.
A1	Communicative language activities	Mediating communication	Facilitating communication in delicate situations and disagreements	Can recognise when people disagree or when someone has a problem and can use memorised, simple expressions (e.g. “I understand” or “Are you okay?”) to indicate sympathy.
A1	Communicative language strategies	Strategies to explain a new concept	Linking to previous knowledge	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies	Strategies to explain a new concept	Adapting language	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies	Strategies to explain a new concept	Breaking down complicated information	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies	Strategies to simplify a text	Amplifying a dense text	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language strategies	Strategies to simplify a text	Streamlining a text	No descriptors available
A1	Plurilingual and pluricultural competence		Building on pluricultural repertoire	Can recognise differing ways of numbering, measuring distance, telling the time, etc. even though they may have difficulty applying this in even simple everyday transactions of a concrete type.
A1	Plurilingual and pluricultural competence		Plurilingual comprehension	Can recognise internationalisms and words/signs common to different languages (e.g. haus/hus/house) to: deduce the meaning of simple signs and notices; identify the probable message of a short, simple text; follow in outline short, simple social exchanges conducted very slowly and clearly in their presence; deduce what people are trying to say directly to them, provided the articulation is very slow and clear, with repetition if necessary.
A1	Plurilingual and pluricultural competence		Building on plurilingual repertoire	Can use a very limited repertoire in different languages to conduct a very basic, concrete, everyday transaction with a collaborative interlocutor.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	General linguistic range	Has a very basic range of simple expressions about personal details and needs of a concrete type.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	General linguistic range	Can use some basic structures in one-clause sentences with some omission or reduction of elements.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Vocabulary range	Has a basic vocabulary repertoire of words/signs and phrases related to particular concrete situations.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Grammatical accuracy	Shows only limited control of a few simple grammatical structures and sentence patterns in a learnt repertoire.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Vocabulary control	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Overall phonological control	Pronunciation of a very limited repertoire of learnt words and phrases can be understood with some effort by interlocutors used to dealing with speakers of the language group. Can reproduce correctly a limited range of sounds as well as stress for simple, familiar words and phrases.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Sound articulation	Can reproduce sounds in the target language if carefully guided.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Sound articulation	Can articulate a limited number of sounds, so that speech is only intelligible if the interlocutor provides support (e.g. by repeating correctly and by eliciting repetition of new sounds).
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Prosodic features	Can use the prosodic features of a limited repertoire of simple words and phrases intelligibly, in spite of a very strong influence on stress, rhythm and/or intonation from the other language(s) they speak; their interlocutor needs to be collaborative.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Orthographic control	Can copy familiar words and short phrases, e.g. simple signs or instructions, names of everyday objects, names of shops, and set phrases used regularly.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Orthographic control	Can spell their address, nationality and other personal details.
A1	Communicative language competences	Linguistic competence	Orthographic control	Can use basic punctuation (e.g. full stops, question marks).
A1	Communicative language competences	Sociolinguistic competence	Sociolinguistic appropriateness	Can establish basic social contact by using the simplest everyday polite forms of: greetings and farewells; introductions; saying please, thank you, sorry, etc.
A1	Communicative language competences	Pragmatic competence	Flexibility	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language competences	Pragmatic competence	Turntaking	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language competences	Pragmatic competence	Thematic development	No descriptors available
A1	Communicative language competences	Pragmatic competence	Coherence and cohesion	Can link words/signs or groups of words/signs with very basic linear connectors (e.g. “and” or “then”).
A1	Communicative language competences	Pragmatic competence	Propositional precision	Can communicate basic information about personal details and needs of a concrete type in a simple way.
A1	Communicative language competences	Pragmatic competence	Fluency	Can manage very short, isolated, mainly pre-packaged utterances, with much pausing to search for expressions, to articulate less familiar words/signs, and to repair communication.